The better angels of our nature by Steven Pinker: A history of violence and humanity

“The decline of violence may be the most significant and least appreciated development in the history of our species.”

Wasn't the twentieth century the most violent in history? In his extraordinary, epic book Steven Pinker shows us that this is wrong, telling the story of humanity in a completely new and unfamiliar way. From why cities make us safer to how books bring about peace, Pinker weaves together history, philosophy and science to examine why we are less likely to die at another's hand than ever before, how it happened and what it tells us about our very natures.

Here are some key lessons from the book:

• Violence has declined over time.

• Civilization and progress drive peace.

• Empathy and reason counteract violence.

• Commerce and globalization reduce conflicts.

• The “civilizing process” curbs impulsive behaviors.

• Institutions and democracy decrease violence.

• Education and knowledge promote tolerance.

• War and violence are not inevitable.

• Moral progress is gradual but achievable.

• The media amplifies perceptions of violence.

• Science and rational thinking are keys to progress.

• The “pacification process” is still ongoing.